(FILES) This photograph taken on January 13, 2025 in Toulouse shows screens displaying the logo of Grok, a generative artificial intelligence chatbot developed by xAI, the American company specializing in artificial intelligence created by South African Businessman Elon Musk and smartphone displaying his account on the social media platform X. The UK's internet security regulator Ofcom announced on Monday, January 12, 2026, the opening of a "formal investigation" into the social network X "concerning sexually explicit images disseminated" by its artificial intelligence assistant Grok, according to a statement. (Photo by Lionel BONAVENTURE / AFP)
UK media regulator Ofcom on Monday launched a formal investigation into Elon Musk’s X over its AI chatbot Grok’s image creation feature that has been used to produce sexualised deepfakes.
Grok is facing growing international backlash for allowing users to create and share sexualised pictures of women and children using simple text prompts.
Ofcom described the reports as “deeply concerning”.
Regulator raises concerns over abusive content
It said in a statement that the undressed images of people “may amount to intimate image abuse or pornography — and sexualised images of children… may amount to child sexual abuse material”.
Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s office welcomed the investigation, saying that Ofcom “has our full support to take any action it sees fit”.
A Downing Street spokesperson added: “We won’t hesitate to go further to protect children online and strengthen the law as needed.”
Ofcom said it had contacted X on January 5 asking it to explain the steps it has taken to protect UK users.
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Without sharing details of the exchange, the regulator said that X responded within the given timeframe.
The formal investigation will determine whether X “failed to comply with its legal obligations”.
Contacted by AFP, X referred to a previous statement, which said: “We take action against illegal content on X… by removing it, permanently suspending accounts, and working with local governments and law enforcement as necessary.”
Global backlash
Under Britain’s Online Safety Act, which entered force in July, websites, social media and video-sharing platforms hosting potentially harmful content are required to implement strict age verification through tools such as facial imagery or credit card checks.
It is meanwhile illegal for media sites to create or share non-consensual intimate images, or child sexual abuse material, including sexual deepfakes created with AI.
Ofcom has the power to impose fines of 10 percent of worldwide revenue for breaches of these rules.
Grok appeared to deflect the international criticism with a new monetisation policy at the end of last week, posting on X that the tool was now “limited to paying subscribers”, alongside a link to a premium subscription.
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Starmer condemned the move as an affront to victims and “not a solution”.
Musk brushed off the UK’s criticism this weekend, posting on X that “they just want to suppress free speech”.
International regulators move against Grok
On Saturday, Indonesia became the first country to deny all access to the tool, with Malaysia following suit Sunday.
The European Commission, which acts as the EU’s digital watchdog, has ordered X to retain all internal documents and data related to Grok until the end of 2026 in response to the uproar.
“We will not be outsourcing child protection and consent to Silicon Valley,” European Commission head Ursula von der Leyen said on Monday.
“If they don’t act, we will,” she added.
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